/* * Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 Paul Kranenburg * Copyright (c) 1993 Branko Lankester * Copyright (c) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 Rick Sladkey * Copyright (c) 1996-1999 Wichert Akkerman * Copyright (c) 1999 IBM Deutschland Entwicklung GmbH, IBM Corporation * Linux for s390 port by D.J. Barrow * * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products * derived from this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * * $Id$ */ #include "defs.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #if HAVE_ASM_REG_H #ifdef SPARC # define fpq kernel_fpq # define fq kernel_fq # define fpu kernel_fpu #endif #include #ifdef SPARC # undef fpq # undef fq # undef fpu #endif #endif #ifdef HAVE_SYS_REG_H #include #ifndef PTRACE_PEEKUSR # define PTRACE_PEEKUSR PTRACE_PEEKUSER #endif #elif defined(HAVE_LINUX_PTRACE_H) #undef PTRACE_SYSCALL #include #endif #if defined(LINUX) && defined(IA64) # include # include #endif #define NR_SYSCALL_BASE 0 #ifdef LINUX #ifndef ERESTARTSYS #define ERESTARTSYS 512 #endif #ifndef ERESTARTNOINTR #define ERESTARTNOINTR 513 #endif #ifndef ERESTARTNOHAND #define ERESTARTNOHAND 514 /* restart if no handler.. */ #endif #ifndef ENOIOCTLCMD #define ENOIOCTLCMD 515 /* No ioctl command */ #endif #ifndef ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK #define ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK 516 /* restart by calling sys_restart_syscall */ #endif #ifndef NSIG #define NSIG 32 #endif #ifdef ARM #undef NSIG #define NSIG 32 #undef NR_SYSCALL_BASE #define NR_SYSCALL_BASE __NR_SYSCALL_BASE #endif #endif /* LINUX */ #include "syscall.h" /* Define these shorthand notations to simplify the syscallent files. */ #define TF TRACE_FILE #define TI TRACE_IPC #define TN TRACE_NETWORK #define TP TRACE_PROCESS #define TS TRACE_SIGNAL struct sysent sysent0[] = { #include "syscallent.h" }; int nsyscalls0 = sizeof sysent0 / sizeof sysent0[0]; #if SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 2 struct sysent sysent1[] = { #include "syscallent1.h" }; int nsyscalls1 = sizeof sysent1 / sizeof sysent1[0]; #endif /* SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 2 */ #if SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 3 struct sysent sysent2[] = { #include "syscallent2.h" }; int nsyscalls2 = sizeof sysent2 / sizeof sysent2[0]; #endif /* SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 3 */ struct sysent *sysent; int nsyscalls; /* Now undef them since short defines cause wicked namespace pollution. */ #undef TF #undef TI #undef TN #undef TP #undef TS char *errnoent0[] = { #include "errnoent.h" }; int nerrnos0 = sizeof errnoent0 / sizeof errnoent0[0]; #if SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 2 char *errnoent1[] = { #include "errnoent1.h" }; int nerrnos1 = sizeof errnoent1 / sizeof errnoent1[0]; #endif /* SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 2 */ #if SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 3 char *errnoent2[] = { #include "errnoent2.h" }; int nerrnos2 = sizeof errnoent2 / sizeof errnoent2[0]; #endif /* SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 3 */ char **errnoent; int nerrnos; int current_personality; int set_personality(personality) int personality; { switch (personality) { case 0: errnoent = errnoent0; nerrnos = nerrnos0; sysent = sysent0; nsyscalls = nsyscalls0; ioctlent = ioctlent0; nioctlents = nioctlents0; signalent = signalent0; nsignals = nsignals0; break; #if SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 2 case 1: errnoent = errnoent1; nerrnos = nerrnos1; sysent = sysent1; nsyscalls = nsyscalls1; ioctlent = ioctlent1; nioctlents = nioctlents1; signalent = signalent1; nsignals = nsignals1; break; #endif /* SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 2 */ #if SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 3 case 2: errnoent = errnoent2; nerrnos = nerrnos2; sysent = sysent2; nsyscalls = nsyscalls2; ioctlent = ioctlent2; nioctlents = nioctlents2; signalent = signalent2; nsignals = nsignals2; break; #endif /* SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES >= 3 */ default: return -1; } current_personality = personality; return 0; } int qual_flags[MAX_QUALS]; static int call_count[MAX_QUALS]; static int error_count[MAX_QUALS]; static struct timeval tv_count[MAX_QUALS]; static int sorted_count[MAX_QUALS]; static struct timeval shortest = { 1000000, 0 }; static int qual_syscall(), qual_signal(), qual_fault(), qual_desc(); static struct qual_options { int bitflag; char *option_name; int (*qualify)(); char *argument_name; } qual_options[] = { { QUAL_TRACE, "trace", qual_syscall, "system call" }, { QUAL_TRACE, "t", qual_syscall, "system call" }, { QUAL_ABBREV, "abbrev", qual_syscall, "system call" }, { QUAL_ABBREV, "a", qual_syscall, "system call" }, { QUAL_VERBOSE, "verbose", qual_syscall, "system call" }, { QUAL_VERBOSE, "v", qual_syscall, "system call" }, { QUAL_RAW, "raw", qual_syscall, "system call" }, { QUAL_RAW, "x", qual_syscall, "system call" }, { QUAL_SIGNAL, "signal", qual_signal, "signal" }, { QUAL_SIGNAL, "signals", qual_signal, "signal" }, { QUAL_SIGNAL, "s", qual_signal, "signal" }, { QUAL_FAULT, "fault", qual_fault, "fault" }, { QUAL_FAULT, "faults", qual_fault, "fault" }, { QUAL_FAULT, "m", qual_fault, "fault" }, { QUAL_READ, "read", qual_desc, "descriptor" }, { QUAL_READ, "reads", qual_desc, "descriptor" }, { QUAL_READ, "r", qual_desc, "descriptor" }, { QUAL_WRITE, "write", qual_desc, "descriptor" }, { QUAL_WRITE, "writes", qual_desc, "descriptor" }, { QUAL_WRITE, "w", qual_desc, "descriptor" }, { 0, NULL, NULL, NULL }, }; static void qualify_one(n, opt, not) int n; struct qual_options *opt; int not; { if (not) qual_flags[n] &= ~opt->bitflag; else qual_flags[n] |= opt->bitflag; } static int qual_syscall(s, opt, not) char *s; struct qual_options *opt; int not; { int i; int any = 0; for (i = 0; i < nsyscalls; i++) { if (strcmp(s, sysent[i].sys_name) == 0) { qualify_one(i, opt, not); any = 1; } } return !any; } static int qual_signal(s, opt, not) char *s; struct qual_options *opt; int not; { int i; char buf[32]; if (s && *s && isdigit((unsigned char)*s)) { qualify_one(atoi(s), opt, not); return 1; } strcpy(buf, s); s = buf; for (i = 0; s[i]; i++) s[i] = toupper((unsigned char)(s[i])); if (strncmp(s, "SIG", 3) == 0) s += 3; for (i = 0; i <= NSIG; i++) if (strcmp(s, signame(i) + 3) == 0) { qualify_one(atoi(s), opt, not); return 1; } return 0; } static int qual_fault(s, opt, not) char *s; struct qual_options *opt; int not; { return -1; } static int qual_desc(s, opt, not) char *s; struct qual_options *opt; int not; { if (s && *s && isdigit((unsigned char)*s)) { qualify_one(atoi(s), opt, not); return 0; } return -1; } static int lookup_class(s) char *s; { if (strcmp(s, "file") == 0) return TRACE_FILE; if (strcmp(s, "ipc") == 0) return TRACE_IPC; if (strcmp(s, "network") == 0) return TRACE_NETWORK; if (strcmp(s, "process") == 0) return TRACE_PROCESS; if (strcmp(s, "signal") == 0) return TRACE_SIGNAL; return -1; } void qualify(s) char *s; { struct qual_options *opt; int not; char *p; int i, n; opt = &qual_options[0]; for (i = 0; (p = qual_options[i].option_name); i++) { n = strlen(p); if (strncmp(s, p, n) == 0 && s[n] == '=') { opt = &qual_options[i]; s += n + 1; break; } } not = 0; if (*s == '!') { not = 1; s++; } if (strcmp(s, "none") == 0) { not = 1 - not; s = "all"; } if (strcmp(s, "all") == 0) { for (i = 0; i < MAX_QUALS; i++) { if (not) qual_flags[i] &= ~opt->bitflag; else qual_flags[i] |= opt->bitflag; } return; } for (i = 0; i < MAX_QUALS; i++) { if (not) qual_flags[i] |= opt->bitflag; else qual_flags[i] &= ~opt->bitflag; } for (p = strtok(s, ","); p; p = strtok(NULL, ",")) { if (opt->bitflag == QUAL_TRACE && (n = lookup_class(p)) > 0) { for (i = 0; i < MAX_QUALS; i++) { if (sysent[i].sys_flags & n) { if (not) qual_flags[i] &= ~opt->bitflag; else qual_flags[i] |= opt->bitflag; } } continue; } if (opt->qualify(p, opt, not)) { fprintf(stderr, "strace: invalid %s `%s'\n", opt->argument_name, p); exit(1); } } return; } static void dumpio(tcp) struct tcb *tcp; { if (syserror(tcp)) return; if (tcp->u_arg[0] < 0 || tcp->u_arg[0] >= MAX_QUALS) return; switch (tcp->scno + NR_SYSCALL_BASE) { case SYS_read: #ifdef SYS_recv case SYS_recv: #endif #ifdef SYS_recvfrom case SYS_recvfrom: #endif if (qual_flags[tcp->u_arg[0]] & QUAL_READ) dumpstr(tcp, tcp->u_arg[1], tcp->u_rval); break; case SYS_write: #ifdef SYS_send case SYS_send: #endif #ifdef SYS_sendto case SYS_sendto: #endif if (qual_flags[tcp->u_arg[0]] & QUAL_WRITE) dumpstr(tcp, tcp->u_arg[1], tcp->u_arg[2]); break; #ifdef SYS_readv case SYS_readv: if (qual_flags[tcp->u_arg[0]] & QUAL_READ) dumpiov(tcp, tcp->u_arg[2], tcp->u_arg[1]); break; #endif #ifdef SYS_writev case SYS_writev: if (qual_flags[tcp->u_arg[0]] & QUAL_WRITE) dumpiov(tcp, tcp->u_arg[2], tcp->u_arg[1]); break; #endif } } #ifndef FREEBSD enum subcall_style { shift_style, deref_style, mask_style, door_style }; #else /* FREEBSD */ enum subcall_style { shift_style, deref_style, mask_style, door_style, table_style }; struct subcall { int call; int nsubcalls; int subcalls[5]; }; const struct subcall subcalls_table[] = { { SYS_shmsys, 5, { SYS_shmat, SYS_shmctl, SYS_shmdt, SYS_shmget, SYS_shmctl } }, #ifdef SYS_semconfig { SYS_semsys, 4, { SYS___semctl, SYS_semget, SYS_semop, SYS_semconfig } }, #else { SYS_semsys, 3, { SYS___semctl, SYS_semget, SYS_semop } }, #endif { SYS_msgsys, 4, { SYS_msgctl, SYS_msgget, SYS_msgsnd, SYS_msgrcv } }, }; #endif /* FREEBSD */ #if !(defined(LINUX) && ( defined(ALPHA) || defined(MIPS) )) const int socket_map [] = { /* SYS_SOCKET */ 97, /* SYS_BIND */ 104, /* SYS_CONNECT */ 98, /* SYS_LISTEN */ 106, /* SYS_ACCEPT */ 99, /* SYS_GETSOCKNAME */ 150, /* SYS_GETPEERNAME */ 141, /* SYS_SOCKETPAIR */ 135, /* SYS_SEND */ 101, /* SYS_RECV */ 102, /* SYS_SENDTO */ 133, /* SYS_RECVFROM */ 125, /* SYS_SHUTDOWN */ 134, /* SYS_SETSOCKOPT */ 105, /* SYS_GETSOCKOPT */ 118, /* SYS_SENDMSG */ 114, /* SYS_RECVMSG */ 113 }; void sparc_socket_decode (tcp) struct tcb *tcp; { volatile long addr; volatile int i, n; if (tcp->u_arg [0] < 1 || tcp->u_arg [0] > sizeof(socket_map)/sizeof(int)+1){ return; } tcp->scno = socket_map [tcp->u_arg [0]-1]; n = tcp->u_nargs = sysent [tcp->scno].nargs; addr = tcp->u_arg [1]; for (i = 0; i < n; i++){ int arg; if (umoven (tcp, addr, sizeof (arg), (void *) &arg) < 0) arg = 0; tcp->u_arg [i] = arg; addr += sizeof (arg); } } void decode_subcall(tcp, subcall, nsubcalls, style) struct tcb *tcp; int subcall; int nsubcalls; enum subcall_style style; { long addr, mask, arg; int i; switch (style) { case shift_style: if (tcp->u_arg[0] < 0 || tcp->u_arg[0] >= nsubcalls) return; tcp->scno = subcall + tcp->u_arg[0]; if (sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs--; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) tcp->u_arg[i] = tcp->u_arg[i + 1]; break; case deref_style: if (tcp->u_arg[0] < 0 || tcp->u_arg[0] >= nsubcalls) return; tcp->scno = subcall + tcp->u_arg[0]; addr = tcp->u_arg[1]; for (i = 0; i < sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; i++) { if (umove(tcp, addr, &arg) < 0) arg = 0; tcp->u_arg[i] = arg; addr += sizeof(arg); } tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; break; case mask_style: mask = (tcp->u_arg[0] >> 8) & 0xff; for (i = 0; mask; i++) mask >>= 1; if (i >= nsubcalls) return; tcp->u_arg[0] &= 0xff; tcp->scno = subcall + i; if (sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; break; case door_style: /* * Oh, yuck. The call code is the *sixth* argument. * (don't you mean the *last* argument? - JH) */ if (tcp->u_arg[5] < 0 || tcp->u_arg[5] >= nsubcalls) return; tcp->scno = subcall + tcp->u_arg[5]; if (sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs--; break; #ifdef FREEBSD case table_style: for (i = 0; i < sizeof(subcalls_table) / sizeof(struct subcall); i++) if (subcalls_table[i].call == tcp->scno) break; if (i < sizeof(subcalls_table) / sizeof(struct subcall) && tcp->u_arg[0] >= 0 && tcp->u_arg[0] < subcalls_table[i].nsubcalls) { tcp->scno = subcalls_table[i].subcalls[tcp->u_arg[0]]; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) tcp->u_arg[i] = tcp->u_arg[i + 1]; } break; #endif /* FREEBSD */ } } #endif struct tcb *tcp_last = NULL; static int internal_syscall(tcp) struct tcb *tcp; { /* * We must always trace a few critical system calls in order to * correctly support following forks in the presence of tracing * qualifiers. */ switch (tcp->scno + NR_SYSCALL_BASE) { #ifdef SYS_fork case SYS_fork: #endif #ifdef SYS_vfork case SYS_vfork: #endif #ifdef SYS_fork1 case SYS_fork1: #endif #ifdef SYS_forkall case SYS_forkall: #endif #ifdef SYS_rfork1 case SYS_rfork1: #endif #ifdef SYS_rforkall case SYS_rforkall: #endif #ifdef SYS_rfork case SYS_rfork: #endif internal_fork(tcp); break; #ifdef SYS_clone case SYS_clone: internal_clone(tcp); break; #endif #ifdef SYS_clone2 case SYS_clone2: internal_clone(tcp); break; #endif #ifdef SYS_execv case SYS_execv: #endif #ifdef SYS_execve case SYS_execve: #endif #ifdef SYS_rexecve case SYS_rexecve: #endif internal_exec(tcp); break; #ifdef SYS_wait case SYS_wait: #endif #ifdef SYS_wait4 case SYS_wait4: #endif #ifdef SYS32_wait4 case SYS32_wait4: #endif #ifdef SYS_waitpid case SYS_waitpid: #endif #ifdef SYS_waitsys case SYS_waitsys: #endif internal_wait(tcp); break; #ifdef SYS_exit case SYS_exit: #endif #ifdef SYS32_exit case SYS32_exit: #endif #ifdef __NR_exit_group case __NR_exit_group: #endif internal_exit(tcp); break; } return 0; } #ifdef LINUX #if defined (I386) static long eax; #elif defined (IA64) long r8, r10, psr; long ia32 = 0; #elif defined (POWERPC) static long result,flags; #elif defined (M68K) static int d0; #elif defined (ARM) static struct pt_regs regs; #elif defined (ALPHA) static long r0; static long a3; #elif defined (SPARC) static struct regs regs; static unsigned long trap; #elif defined(MIPS) static long a3; static long r2; #elif defined(S390) || defined(S390X) static long gpr2; static long pc; static long syscall_mode; #elif defined(HPPA) static long r28; #elif defined(SH) static long r0; #elif defined(SH64) static long r9; #elif defined(X86_64) static long rax; #endif #endif /* LINUX */ #ifdef FREEBSD struct reg regs; #endif /* FREEBSD */ int get_scno(tcp) struct tcb *tcp; { long scno = 0; #ifndef USE_PROCFS int pid = tcp->pid; #endif /* !PROCFS */ #ifdef LINUX #if defined(S390) || defined(S390X) if (tcp->flags & TCB_WAITEXECVE) { /* * When the execve system call completes successfully, the * new process still has -ENOSYS (old style) or __NR_execve * (new style) in gpr2. We cannot recover the scno again * by disassembly, because the image that executed the * syscall is gone now. Fortunately, we don't want it. We * leave the flag set so that syscall_fixup can fake the * result. */ if (tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL) return 1; /* * This is the SIGTRAP after execve. We cannot try to read * the system call here either. */ tcp->flags &= ~TCB_WAITEXECVE; return 0; } if (upeek(pid, PT_GPR2, &syscall_mode) < 0) return -1; if (syscall_mode != -ENOSYS) { /* * Since kernel version 2.5.44 the scno gets passed in gpr2. */ scno = syscall_mode; } else { /* * Old style of "passing" the scno via the SVC instruction. */ long opcode, offset_reg, tmp; void * svc_addr; int gpr_offset[16] = {PT_GPR0, PT_GPR1, PT_ORIGGPR2, PT_GPR3, PT_GPR4, PT_GPR5, PT_GPR6, PT_GPR7, PT_GPR8, PT_GPR9, PT_GPR10, PT_GPR11, PT_GPR12, PT_GPR13, PT_GPR14, PT_GPR15}; if (upeek(pid, PT_PSWADDR, &pc) < 0) return -1; errno = 0; opcode = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, pid, (char *)(pc-sizeof(long)), 0); if (errno) { perror("peektext(pc-oneword)"); return -1; } /* * We have to check if the SVC got executed directly or via an * EXECUTE instruction. In case of EXECUTE it is necessary to do * instruction decoding to derive the system call number. * Unfortunately the opcode sizes of EXECUTE and SVC are differently, * so that this doesn't work if a SVC opcode is part of an EXECUTE * opcode. Since there is no way to find out the opcode size this * is the best we can do... */ if ((opcode & 0xff00) == 0x0a00) { /* SVC opcode */ scno = opcode & 0xff; } else { /* SVC got executed by EXECUTE instruction */ /* * Do instruction decoding of EXECUTE. If you really want to * understand this, read the Principles of Operations. */ svc_addr = (void *) (opcode & 0xfff); tmp = 0; offset_reg = (opcode & 0x000f0000) >> 16; if (offset_reg && (upeek(pid, gpr_offset[offset_reg], &tmp) < 0)) return -1; svc_addr += tmp; tmp = 0; offset_reg = (opcode & 0x0000f000) >> 12; if (offset_reg && (upeek(pid, gpr_offset[offset_reg], &tmp) < 0)) return -1; svc_addr += tmp; scno = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, pid, svc_addr, 0); if (errno) return -1; #if defined(S390X) scno >>= 48; #else scno >>= 16; #endif tmp = 0; offset_reg = (opcode & 0x00f00000) >> 20; if (offset_reg && (upeek(pid, gpr_offset[offset_reg], &tmp) < 0)) return -1; scno = (scno | tmp) & 0xff; } } #elif defined (POWERPC) if (upeek(pid, sizeof(unsigned long)*PT_R0, &scno) < 0) return -1; if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { /* Check if we return from execve. */ if (scno == 0 && (tcp->flags & TCB_WAITEXECVE)) { tcp->flags &= ~TCB_WAITEXECVE; return 0; } } #elif defined (I386) if (upeek(pid, 4*ORIG_EAX, &scno) < 0) return -1; #elif defined (X86_64) if (upeek(pid, 8*ORIG_RAX, &scno) < 0) return -1; if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { static int currpers=-1; long val; /* Check CS register value. On x86-64 linux it is: * 0x33 for long mode (64 bit) * 0x23 for compatibility mode (32 bit) * It takes only one ptrace and thus doesn't need * to be cached. */ if (upeek(pid, 8*CS, &val) < 0) return -1; switch(val) { case 0x23: currpers = 1; break; case 0x33: currpers = 0; break; default: fprintf(stderr, "Unknown value CS=0x%02X while " "detecting personality of process " "PID=%d\n", (int)val, pid); currpers = current_personality; break; } #if 0 /* This version analyzes the opcode of a syscall instruction. * (int 0x80 on i386 vs. syscall on x86-64) * It works, but is too complicated. */ unsigned long val, rip, i; if(upeek(pid, 8*RIP, &rip)<0) perror("upeek(RIP)"); /* sizeof(syscall) == sizeof(int 0x80) == 2 */ rip-=2; errno = 0; call = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT,pid,(char *)rip,0); if (errno) printf("ptrace_peektext failed: %s\n", strerror(errno)); switch (call & 0xffff) { /* x86-64: syscall = 0x0f 0x05 */ case 0x050f: currpers = 0; break; /* i386: int 0x80 = 0xcd 0x80 */ case 0x80cd: currpers = 1; break; default: currpers = current_personality; fprintf(stderr, "Unknown syscall opcode (0x%04X) while " "detecting personality of process " "PID=%d\n", (int)call, pid); break; } #endif if(currpers != current_personality) { char *names[]={"64 bit", "32 bit"}; set_personality(currpers); printf("[ Process PID=%d runs in %s mode. ]\n", pid, names[current_personality]); } } #elif defined(IA64) # define IA64_PSR_IS ((long)1 << 34) if (upeek (pid, PT_CR_IPSR, &psr) >= 0) ia32 = (psr & IA64_PSR_IS) != 0; if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { if (ia32) { if (upeek(pid, PT_R1, &scno) < 0) /* orig eax */ return -1; } else { if (upeek (pid, PT_R15, &scno) < 0) return -1; } /* Check if we return from execve. */ if (tcp->flags & TCB_WAITEXECVE) { tcp->flags &= ~TCB_WAITEXECVE; return 0; } } else { /* syscall in progress */ if (upeek (pid, PT_R8, &r8) < 0) return -1; if (upeek (pid, PT_R10, &r10) < 0) return -1; } #elif defined (ARM) /* * Read complete register set in one go. */ if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, pid, NULL, (void *)®s) == -1) return -1; /* * We only need to grab the syscall number on syscall entry. */ if (regs.ARM_ip == 0) { /* * Note: we only deal with only 32-bit CPUs here. */ if (regs.ARM_cpsr & 0x20) { /* * Get the Thumb-mode system call number */ scno = regs.ARM_r7; } else { /* * Get the ARM-mode system call number */ errno = 0; scno = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, pid, (void *)(regs.ARM_pc - 4), NULL); if (errno) return -1; if (scno == 0 && (tcp->flags & TCB_WAITEXECVE)) { tcp->flags &= ~TCB_WAITEXECVE; return 0; } if ((scno & 0x0ff00000) != 0x0f900000) { fprintf(stderr, "syscall: unknown syscall trap 0x%08lx\n", scno); return -1; } /* * Fixup the syscall number */ scno &= 0x000fffff; } if (tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL) { fprintf(stderr, "pid %d stray syscall entry\n", tcp->pid); tcp->flags &= ~TCB_INSYSCALL; } } else { if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { fprintf(stderr, "pid %d stray syscall exit\n", tcp->pid); tcp->flags |= TCB_INSYSCALL; } } #elif defined (M68K) if (upeek(pid, 4*PT_ORIG_D0, &scno) < 0) return -1; #elif defined (MIPS) if (upeek(pid, REG_A3, &a3) < 0) return -1; if(!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { if (upeek(pid, REG_V0, &scno) < 0) return -1; if (scno < 0 || scno > nsyscalls) { if(a3 == 0 || a3 == -1) { if(debug) fprintf (stderr, "stray syscall exit: v0 = %ld\n", scno); return 0; } } } else { if (upeek(pid, REG_V0, &r2) < 0) return -1; } #elif defined (ALPHA) if (upeek(pid, REG_A3, &a3) < 0) return -1; if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { if (upeek(pid, REG_R0, &scno) < 0) return -1; /* Check if we return from execve. */ if (scno == 0 && tcp->flags & TCB_WAITEXECVE) { tcp->flags &= ~TCB_WAITEXECVE; return 0; } /* * Do some sanity checks to figure out if it's * really a syscall entry */ if (scno < 0 || scno > nsyscalls) { if (a3 == 0 || a3 == -1) { if (debug) fprintf (stderr, "stray syscall exit: r0 = %ld\n", scno); return 0; } } } else { if (upeek(pid, REG_R0, &r0) < 0) return -1; } #elif defined (SPARC) /* Everything we need is in the current register set. */ if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS,pid,(char *)®s,0) < 0) return -1; /* If we are entering, then disassemble the syscall trap. */ if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { /* Retrieve the syscall trap instruction. */ errno = 0; trap = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT,pid,(char *)regs.r_pc,0); if (errno) return -1; /* Disassemble the trap to see what personality to use. */ switch (trap) { case 0x91d02010: /* Linux/SPARC syscall trap. */ set_personality(0); break; case 0x91d0206d: /* Linux/SPARC64 syscall trap. */ fprintf(stderr,"syscall: Linux/SPARC64 not supported yet\n"); return -1; case 0x91d02000: /* SunOS syscall trap. (pers 1) */ fprintf(stderr,"syscall: SunOS no support\n"); return -1; case 0x91d02008: /* Solaris 2.x syscall trap. (per 2) */ set_personality(1); break; case 0x91d02009: /* NetBSD/FreeBSD syscall trap. */ fprintf(stderr,"syscall: NetBSD/FreeBSD not supported\n"); return -1; case 0x91d02027: /* Solaris 2.x gettimeofday */ set_personality(1); break; default: /* Unknown syscall trap. */ if(tcp->flags & TCB_WAITEXECVE) { tcp->flags &= ~TCB_WAITEXECVE; return 0; } fprintf(stderr,"syscall: unknown syscall trap %08x %08x\n", trap, regs.r_pc); return -1; } /* Extract the system call number from the registers. */ if (trap == 0x91d02027) scno = 156; else scno = regs.r_g1; if (scno == 0) { scno = regs.r_o0; memmove (®s.r_o0, ®s.r_o1, 7*sizeof(regs.r_o0)); } } #elif defined(HPPA) if (upeek(pid, PT_GR20, &scno) < 0) return -1; if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { /* Check if we return from execve. */ if ((tcp->flags & TCB_WAITEXECVE)) { tcp->flags &= ~TCB_WAITEXECVE; return 0; } } #elif defined(SH) /* * In the new syscall ABI, the system call number is in R3. */ if (upeek(pid, 4*(REG_REG0+3), &scno) < 0) return -1; if (scno < 0) { /* Odd as it may seem, a glibc bug has been known to cause glibc to issue bogus negative syscall numbers. So for our purposes, make strace print what it *should* have been */ long correct_scno = (scno & 0xff); if (debug) fprintf(stderr, "Detected glibc bug: bogus system call number = %ld, " "correcting to %ld\n", scno, correct_scno); scno = correct_scno; } if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { /* Check if we return from execve. */ if (scno == 0 && tcp->flags & TCB_WAITEXECVE) { tcp->flags &= ~TCB_WAITEXECVE; return 0; } } #elif defined(SH64) if (upeek(pid, REG_SYSCALL, &scno) < 0) return -1; scno &= 0xFFFF; if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { /* Check if we return from execve. */ if (tcp->flags & TCB_WAITEXECVE) { tcp->flags &= ~TCB_WAITEXECVE; return 0; } } #endif /* SH64 */ #endif /* LINUX */ #ifdef SUNOS4 if (upeek(pid, uoff(u_arg[7]), &scno) < 0) return -1; #elif defined(SH) /* new syscall ABI returns result in R0 */ if (upeek(pid, 4*REG_REG0, (long *)&r0) < 0) return -1; #elif defined(SH64) /* ABI defines result returned in r9 */ if (upeek(pid, REG_GENERAL(9), (long *)&r9) < 0) return -1; #endif #ifdef USE_PROCFS #ifdef HAVE_PR_SYSCALL scno = tcp->status.PR_SYSCALL; #else /* !HAVE_PR_SYSCALL */ #ifndef FREEBSD scno = tcp->status.PR_WHAT; #else /* FREEBSD */ if (pread(tcp->pfd_reg, ®s, sizeof(regs), 0) < 0) { perror("pread"); return -1; } switch (regs.r_eax) { case SYS_syscall: case SYS___syscall: pread(tcp->pfd, &scno, sizeof(scno), regs.r_esp + sizeof(int)); break; default: scno = regs.r_eax; break; } #endif /* FREEBSD */ #endif /* !HAVE_PR_SYSCALL */ #endif /* USE_PROCFS */ if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) tcp->scno = scno; return 1; } int syscall_fixup(tcp) struct tcb *tcp; { #ifndef USE_PROCFS int pid = tcp->pid; #else /* USE_PROCFS */ int scno = tcp->scno; if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { if (tcp->status.PR_WHY != PR_SYSENTRY) { if ( scno == SYS_fork #ifdef SYS_vfork || scno == SYS_vfork #endif /* SYS_vfork */ #ifdef SYS_fork1 || scno == SYS_fork1 #endif /* SYS_fork1 */ #ifdef SYS_forkall || scno == SYS_forkall #endif /* SYS_forkall */ #ifdef SYS_rfork1 || scno == SYS_rfork1 #endif /* SYS_fork1 */ #ifdef SYS_rforkall || scno == SYS_rforkall #endif /* SYS_rforkall */ ) { /* We are returning in the child, fake it. */ tcp->status.PR_WHY = PR_SYSENTRY; trace_syscall(tcp); tcp->status.PR_WHY = PR_SYSEXIT; } else { fprintf(stderr, "syscall: missing entry\n"); tcp->flags |= TCB_INSYSCALL; } } } else { if (tcp->status.PR_WHY != PR_SYSEXIT) { fprintf(stderr, "syscall: missing exit\n"); tcp->flags &= ~TCB_INSYSCALL; } } #endif /* USE_PROCFS */ #ifdef SUNOS4 if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { if (scno == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "syscall: missing entry\n"); tcp->flags |= TCB_INSYSCALL; } } else { if (scno != 0) { if (debug) { /* * This happens when a signal handler * for a signal which interrupted a * a system call makes another system call. */ fprintf(stderr, "syscall: missing exit\n"); } tcp->flags &= ~TCB_INSYSCALL; } } #endif /* SUNOS4 */ #ifdef LINUX #if defined (I386) if (upeek(pid, 4*EAX, &eax) < 0) return -1; if (eax != -ENOSYS && !(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { if (debug) fprintf(stderr, "stray syscall exit: eax = %ld\n", eax); return 0; } #elif defined (X86_64) if (upeek(pid, 8*RAX, &rax) < 0) return -1; if (rax != -ENOSYS && !(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { if (debug) fprintf(stderr, "stray syscall exit: rax = %ld\n", rax); return 0; } #elif defined (S390) || defined (S390X) if (upeek(pid, PT_GPR2, &gpr2) < 0) return -1; if (syscall_mode != -ENOSYS) syscall_mode = tcp->scno; if (gpr2 != syscall_mode && !(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { if (debug) fprintf(stderr, "stray syscall exit: gpr2 = %ld\n", gpr2); return 0; } else if (((tcp->flags & (TCB_INSYSCALL|TCB_WAITEXECVE)) == (TCB_INSYSCALL|TCB_WAITEXECVE)) && (gpr2 == -ENOSYS || gpr2 == tcp->scno)) { /* * Fake a return value of zero. We leave the TCB_WAITEXECVE * flag set for the post-execve SIGTRAP to see and reset. */ gpr2 = 0; } #elif defined (POWERPC) # define SO_MASK 0x10000000 if (upeek(pid, sizeof(unsigned long)*PT_CCR, &flags) < 0) return -1; if (upeek(pid, sizeof(unsigned long)*PT_R3, &result) < 0) return -1; if (flags & SO_MASK) result = -result; #elif defined (M68K) if (upeek(pid, 4*PT_D0, &d0) < 0) return -1; if (d0 != -ENOSYS && !(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { if (debug) fprintf(stderr, "stray syscall exit: d0 = %ld\n", d0); return 0; } #elif defined (ARM) /* * Nothing required */ #elif defined (HPPA) if (upeek(pid, PT_GR28, &r28) < 0) return -1; #elif defined(IA64) if (upeek(pid, PT_R10, &r10) < 0) return -1; if (upeek(pid, PT_R8, &r8) < 0) return -1; if (ia32 && r8 != -ENOSYS && !(tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) { if (debug) fprintf(stderr, "stray syscall exit: r8 = %ld\n", r8); return 0; } #endif #endif /* LINUX */ return 1; } int get_error(tcp) struct tcb *tcp; { int u_error = 0; #ifdef LINUX #if defined(S390) || defined(S390X) if (gpr2 && (unsigned) -gpr2 < nerrnos) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = -gpr2; } else { tcp->u_rval = gpr2; u_error = 0; } #else /* !S390 && !S390X */ #ifdef I386 if (eax < 0 && -eax < nerrnos) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = -eax; } else { tcp->u_rval = eax; u_error = 0; } #else /* !I386 */ #ifdef X86_64 if (rax < 0 && -rax < nerrnos) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = -rax; } else { tcp->u_rval = rax; u_error = 0; } #else #ifdef IA64 if (ia32) { int err; err = (int)r8; if (err < 0 && -err < nerrnos) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = -err; } else { tcp->u_rval = err; u_error = 0; } } else { if (r10) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = r8; } else { tcp->u_rval = r8; u_error = 0; } } #else /* !IA64 */ #ifdef MIPS if (a3) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = r2; } else { tcp->u_rval = r2; u_error = 0; } #else #ifdef POWERPC if (result && (unsigned) -result < nerrnos) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = -result; } else { tcp->u_rval = result; u_error = 0; } #else /* !POWERPC */ #ifdef M68K if (d0 && (unsigned) -d0 < nerrnos) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = -d0; } else { tcp->u_rval = d0; u_error = 0; } #else /* !M68K */ #ifdef ARM if (regs.ARM_r0 && (unsigned) -regs.ARM_r0 < nerrnos) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = -regs.ARM_r0; } else { tcp->u_rval = regs.ARM_r0; u_error = 0; } #else /* !ARM */ #ifdef ALPHA if (a3) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = r0; } else { tcp->u_rval = r0; u_error = 0; } #else /* !ALPHA */ #ifdef SPARC if (regs.r_psr & PSR_C) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = regs.r_o0; } else { tcp->u_rval = regs.r_o0; u_error = 0; } #else /* !SPARC */ #ifdef HPPA if (r28 && (unsigned) -r28 < nerrnos) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = -r28; } else { tcp->u_rval = r28; u_error = 0; } #else #ifdef SH /* interpret R0 as return value or error number */ if (r0 && (unsigned) -r0 < nerrnos) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = -r0; } else { tcp->u_rval = r0; u_error = 0; } #else #ifdef SH64 /* interpret result as return value or error number */ if (r9 && (unsigned) -r9 < nerrnos) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = -r9; } else { tcp->u_rval = r9; u_error = 0; } #endif /* SH64 */ #endif /* SH */ #endif /* HPPA */ #endif /* SPARC */ #endif /* ALPHA */ #endif /* ARM */ #endif /* M68K */ #endif /* POWERPC */ #endif /* MIPS */ #endif /* IA64 */ #endif /* X86_64 */ #endif /* I386 */ #endif /* S390 || S390X */ #endif /* LINUX */ #ifdef SUNOS4 /* get error code from user struct */ if (upeek(pid, uoff(u_error), &u_error) < 0) return -1; u_error >>= 24; /* u_error is a char */ /* get system call return value */ if (upeek(pid, uoff(u_rval1), &tcp->u_rval) < 0) return -1; #endif /* SUNOS4 */ #ifdef SVR4 #ifdef SPARC /* Judicious guessing goes a long way. */ if (tcp->status.pr_reg[R_PSR] & 0x100000) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = tcp->status.pr_reg[R_O0]; } else { tcp->u_rval = tcp->status.pr_reg[R_O0]; u_error = 0; } #endif /* SPARC */ #ifdef I386 /* Wanna know how to kill an hour single-stepping? */ if (tcp->status.PR_REG[EFL] & 0x1) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = tcp->status.PR_REG[EAX]; } else { tcp->u_rval = tcp->status.PR_REG[EAX]; #ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG tcp->u_lrval = ((unsigned long long) tcp->status.PR_REG[EDX] << 32) + tcp->status.PR_REG[EAX]; #endif u_error = 0; } #endif /* I386 */ #ifdef X86_64 /* Wanna know how to kill an hour single-stepping? */ if (tcp->status.PR_REG[EFLAGS] & 0x1) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = tcp->status.PR_REG[RAX]; } else { tcp->u_rval = tcp->status.PR_REG[RAX]; u_error = 0; } #endif /* X86_64 */ #ifdef MIPS if (tcp->status.pr_reg[CTX_A3]) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = tcp->status.pr_reg[CTX_V0]; } else { tcp->u_rval = tcp->status.pr_reg[CTX_V0]; u_error = 0; } #endif /* MIPS */ #endif /* SVR4 */ #ifdef FREEBSD if (regs.r_eflags & PSL_C) { tcp->u_rval = -1; u_error = regs.r_eax; } else { tcp->u_rval = regs.r_eax; tcp->u_lrval = ((unsigned long long) regs.r_edx << 32) + regs.r_eax; u_error = 0; } #endif /* FREEBSD */ tcp->u_error = u_error; return 1; } int force_result(tcp, error, rval) struct tcb *tcp; int error; long rval; { #ifdef LINUX #if defined(S390) || defined(S390X) gpr2 = error ? -error : rval; if (upeek(tcp->pid, PT_GPR2, &gpr2) < 0) return -1; if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)PT_GPR2, gpr2) < 0) return -1; #else /* !S390 && !S390X */ #ifdef I386 eax = error ? -error : rval; if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(EAX * 4), eax) < 0) return -1; #else /* !I386 */ #ifdef X86_64 rax = error ? -error : rval; if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(RAX * 4), rax) < 0) return -1; #else #ifdef IA64 if (ia32) { r8 = error ? -error : rval; if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(PT_R8), r8) < 0) return -1; } else { if (error) { r8 = error; r10 = -1; } else { r8 = rval; r10 = 0; } if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(PT_R8), r8) < 0 || ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(PT_R10), r10) < 0) return -1; } #else /* !IA64 */ #ifdef MIPS if (error) { r2 = error; a3 = -1; } else { r2 = rval; a3 = 0; } if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(REG_A3), a3) < 0 || ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(REG_V0), r2) < 0) return -1; #else #ifdef POWERPC if (upeek(tcp->pid, sizeof(unsigned long)*PT_CCR, &flags) < 0) return -1; if (error) { flags |= SO_MASK; result = error; } else { flags &= ~SO_MASK; result = rval; } if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(sizeof(unsigned long)*PT_CCR), flags) < 0 || ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(sizeof(unsigned long)*PT_R3), result) < 0) return -1; #else /* !POWERPC */ #ifdef M68K d0 = error ? -error : rval; if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(4*PT_D0), d0) < 0) return -1; #else /* !M68K */ #ifdef ARM regs.ARM_r0 = error ? -error : rval; if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(4*0), regs.ARM_r0) < 0) return -1; #else /* !ARM */ #ifdef ALPHA if (error) { a3 = -1; r0 = error; } else { a3 = 0; r0 = rval; } if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(REG_A3), a3) < 0 || ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(REG_R0), r0) < 0) return -1; #else /* !ALPHA */ #ifdef SPARC if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, tcp->pid, (char *)®s, 0) < 0) return -1; if (error) { regs.r_psr |= PSR_C; regs.r_o0 = error; } else { regs.r_psr &= ~PSR_C; regs.r_o0 = rval; } if (ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, tcp->pid, (char *)®s, 0) < 0) return -1; #else /* !SPARC */ #ifdef HPPA r28 = error ? -error : rval; if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(PT_GR28), r28) < 0) return -1; #else #ifdef SH r0 = error ? -error : rval; if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)(4*REG_REG0), r0) < 0) return -1; #else #ifdef SH64 r9 = error ? -error : rval; if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)REG_GENERAL(9), r9) < 0) return -1; #endif /* SH64 */ #endif /* SH */ #endif /* HPPA */ #endif /* SPARC */ #endif /* ALPHA */ #endif /* ARM */ #endif /* M68K */ #endif /* POWERPC */ #endif /* MIPS */ #endif /* IA64 */ #endif /* X86_64 */ #endif /* I386 */ #endif /* S390 || S390X */ #endif /* LINUX */ #ifdef SUNOS4 if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)uoff(u_error), error << 24) < 0 || ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, tcp->pid, (char*)uoff(u_rval1), rval) < 0) return -1; #endif /* SUNOS4 */ #ifdef SVR4 /* XXX no clue */ return -1; #endif /* SVR4 */ #ifdef FREEBSD if (pread(tcp->pfd_reg, ®s, sizeof(regs), 0) < 0) { perror("pread"); return -1; } if (error) { regs.r_eflags |= PSL_C; regs.r_eax = error; } else { regs.r_eflags &= ~PSL_C; regs.r_eax = rval; } if (pwrite(tcp->pfd_reg, ®s, sizeof(regs), 0) < 0) { perror("pwrite"); return -1; } #endif /* FREEBSD */ /* All branches reach here on success (only). */ tcp->u_error = error; tcp->u_rval = rval; return 0; } int syscall_enter(tcp) struct tcb *tcp; { #ifndef USE_PROCFS int pid = tcp->pid; #endif /* !USE_PROCFS */ #ifdef LINUX #if defined(S390) || defined(S390X) { int i; if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) { if (upeek(pid,i==0 ? PT_ORIGGPR2:PT_GPR2+i*sizeof(long), &tcp->u_arg[i]) < 0) return -1; } } #elif defined (ALPHA) { int i; if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) { /* WTA: if scno is out-of-bounds this will bomb. Add range-check * for scno somewhere above here! */ if (upeek(pid, REG_A0+i, &tcp->u_arg[i]) < 0) return -1; } } #elif defined (IA64) { if (!ia32) { unsigned long *out0, *rbs_end, cfm, sof, sol, i; /* be backwards compatible with kernel < 2.4.4... */ # ifndef PT_RBS_END # define PT_RBS_END PT_AR_BSP # endif if (upeek(pid, PT_RBS_END, (long *) &rbs_end) < 0) return -1; if (upeek(pid, PT_CFM, (long *) &cfm) < 0) return -1; sof = (cfm >> 0) & 0x7f; sol = (cfm >> 7) & 0x7f; out0 = ia64_rse_skip_regs(rbs_end, -sof + sol); if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; ++i) { if (umoven(tcp, (unsigned long) ia64_rse_skip_regs(out0, i), sizeof(long), (char *) &tcp->u_arg[i]) < 0) return -1; } } else { int i; if (/* EBX = out0 */ upeek(pid, PT_R11, (long *) &tcp->u_arg[0]) < 0 /* ECX = out1 */ || upeek(pid, PT_R9, (long *) &tcp->u_arg[1]) < 0 /* EDX = out2 */ || upeek(pid, PT_R10, (long *) &tcp->u_arg[2]) < 0 /* ESI = out3 */ || upeek(pid, PT_R14, (long *) &tcp->u_arg[3]) < 0 /* EDI = out4 */ || upeek(pid, PT_R15, (long *) &tcp->u_arg[4]) < 0 /* EBP = out5 */ || upeek(pid, PT_R13, (long *) &tcp->u_arg[5]) < 0) return -1; for (i = 0; i < 6; ++i) /* truncate away IVE sign-extension */ tcp->u_arg[i] &= 0xffffffff; if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = 5; } } #elif defined (MIPS) { long sp; int i, nargs; if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) nargs = tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else nargs = tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; if(nargs > 4) { if(upeek(pid, REG_SP, &sp) < 0) return -1; for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) { if (upeek(pid, REG_A0 + i, &tcp->u_arg[i])<0) return -1; } umoven(tcp, sp+16, (nargs-4) * sizeof(tcp->u_arg[0]), (char *)(tcp->u_arg + 4)); } else { for(i = 0; i < nargs; i++) { if (upeek(pid, REG_A0 + i, &tcp->u_arg[i]) < 0) return -1; } } } #elif defined (POWERPC) #ifndef PT_ORIG_R3 #define PT_ORIG_R3 34 #endif { int i; if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) { if (upeek(pid, (i==0) ? (sizeof(unsigned long)*PT_ORIG_R3) : ((i+PT_R3)*sizeof(unsigned long)), &tcp->u_arg[i]) < 0) return -1; } } #elif defined (SPARC) { int i; if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) tcp->u_arg[i] = *((®s.r_o0) + i); } #elif defined (HPPA) { int i; if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) { if (upeek(pid, PT_GR26-4*i, &tcp->u_arg[i]) < 0) return -1; } } #elif defined(ARM) { int i; if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) tcp->u_arg[i] = regs.uregs[i]; } #elif defined(SH) { int i; static int syscall_regs[] = { REG_REG0+4, REG_REG0+5, REG_REG0+6, REG_REG0+7, REG_REG0, REG_REG0+1, REG_REG0+2 }; tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) { if (upeek(pid, 4*syscall_regs[i], &tcp->u_arg[i]) < 0) return -1; } } #elif defined(SH64) { int i; /* Registers used by SH5 Linux system calls for parameters */ static int syscall_regs[] = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }; /* * TODO: should also check that the number of arguments encoded * in the trap number matches the number strace expects. */ /* assert(sysent[tcp->scno].nargs < sizeof(syscall_regs)/sizeof(syscall_regs[0])); */ tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) { if (upeek(pid, REG_GENERAL(syscall_regs[i]), &tcp->u_arg[i]) < 0) return -1; } } #elif defined(X86_64) { int i; static int argreg[SUPPORTED_PERSONALITIES][MAX_ARGS] = { {RDI,RSI,RDX,R10,R8,R9}, /* x86-64 ABI */ {RBX,RCX,RDX,RDX,RSI,RDI,RBP} /* i386 ABI */ }; if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) { if (upeek(pid, argreg[current_personality][i]*8, &tcp->u_arg[i]) < 0) return -1; } } #else /* Other architecture (like i386) (32bits specific) */ { int i; if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) { if (upeek(pid, i*4, &tcp->u_arg[i]) < 0) return -1; } } #endif #endif /* LINUX */ #ifdef SUNOS4 { int i; if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) { struct user *u; if (upeek(pid, uoff(u_arg[0]) + (i*sizeof(u->u_arg[0])), &tcp->u_arg[i]) < 0) return -1; } } #endif /* SUNOS4 */ #ifdef SVR4 #ifdef MIPS /* * SGI is broken: even though it has pr_sysarg, it doesn't * set them on system call entry. Get a clue. */ if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = tcp->status.pr_nsysarg; if (tcp->u_nargs > 4) { memcpy(tcp->u_arg, &tcp->status.pr_reg[CTX_A0], 4*sizeof(tcp->u_arg[0])); umoven(tcp, tcp->status.pr_reg[CTX_SP] + 16, (tcp->u_nargs - 4)*sizeof(tcp->u_arg[0]), (char *) (tcp->u_arg + 4)); } else { memcpy(tcp->u_arg, &tcp->status.pr_reg[CTX_A0], tcp->u_nargs*sizeof(tcp->u_arg[0])); } #elif UNIXWARE >= 2 /* * Like SGI, UnixWare doesn't set pr_sysarg until system call exit */ if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = tcp->status.pr_lwp.pr_nsysarg; umoven(tcp, tcp->status.PR_REG[UESP] + 4, tcp->u_nargs*sizeof(tcp->u_arg[0]), (char *) tcp->u_arg); #elif defined (HAVE_PR_SYSCALL) if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = tcp->status.pr_nsysarg; { int i; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) tcp->u_arg[i] = tcp->status.pr_sysarg[i]; } #elif defined (I386) if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs != -1) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = 5; umoven(tcp, tcp->status.PR_REG[UESP] + 4, tcp->u_nargs*sizeof(tcp->u_arg[0]), (char *) tcp->u_arg); #else I DONT KNOW WHAT TO DO #endif /* !HAVE_PR_SYSCALL */ #endif /* SVR4 */ #ifdef FREEBSD if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && sysent[tcp->scno].nargs > tcp->status.val) tcp->u_nargs = sysent[tcp->scno].nargs; else tcp->u_nargs = tcp->status.val; if (tcp->u_nargs < 0) tcp->u_nargs = 0; if (tcp->u_nargs > MAX_ARGS) tcp->u_nargs = MAX_ARGS; switch(regs.r_eax) { case SYS___syscall: pread(tcp->pfd, &tcp->u_arg, tcp->u_nargs * sizeof(unsigned long), regs.r_esp + sizeof(int) + sizeof(quad_t)); break; case SYS_syscall: pread(tcp->pfd, &tcp->u_arg, tcp->u_nargs * sizeof(unsigned long), regs.r_esp + 2 * sizeof(int)); break; default: pread(tcp->pfd, &tcp->u_arg, tcp->u_nargs * sizeof(unsigned long), regs.r_esp + sizeof(int)); break; } #endif /* FREEBSD */ return 1; } int trace_syscall(tcp) struct tcb *tcp; { int sys_res; struct timeval tv; int res; /* Measure the exit time as early as possible to avoid errors. */ if (dtime && (tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL)) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); res = get_scno(tcp); if (res != 1) return res; res = syscall_fixup(tcp); if (res != 1) return res; if (tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL) { long u_error; res = get_error(tcp); if (res != 1) return res; internal_syscall(tcp); if (tcp->scno >= 0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && !(qual_flags[tcp->scno] & QUAL_TRACE)) { tcp->flags &= ~TCB_INSYSCALL; return 0; } if (tcp->flags & TCB_REPRINT) { printleader(tcp); tprintf("<... "); if (tcp->scno >= nsyscalls || tcp->scno < 0) tprintf("syscall_%lu", tcp->scno); else tprintf("%s", sysent[tcp->scno].sys_name); tprintf(" resumed> "); } if (cflag && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && tcp->scno >= 0) { call_count[tcp->scno]++; if (tcp->u_error) error_count[tcp->scno]++; tv_sub(&tv, &tv, &tcp->etime); #ifdef LINUX if (tv_cmp(&tv, &tcp->dtime) > 0) { static struct timeval one_tick = { 0, 1000000 / HZ }; if (tv_nz(&tcp->dtime)) tv = tcp->dtime; else if (tv_cmp(&tv, &one_tick) > 0) { if (tv_cmp(&shortest, &one_tick) < 0) tv = shortest; else tv = one_tick; } } #endif /* LINUX */ if (tv_cmp(&tv, &shortest) < 0) shortest = tv; tv_add(&tv_count[tcp->scno], &tv_count[tcp->scno], &tv); tcp->flags &= ~TCB_INSYSCALL; return 0; } if (tcp->scno >= nsyscalls || tcp->scno < 0 || (qual_flags[tcp->scno] & QUAL_RAW)) sys_res = printargs(tcp); else { if (not_failing_only && tcp->u_error) return 0; /* ignore failed syscalls */ sys_res = (*sysent[tcp->scno].sys_func)(tcp); } u_error = tcp->u_error; tprintf(") "); tabto(acolumn); if (tcp->scno >= nsyscalls || tcp->scno < 0 || qual_flags[tcp->scno] & QUAL_RAW) { if (u_error) tprintf("= -1 (errno %ld)", u_error); else tprintf("= %#lx", tcp->u_rval); } else if (!(sys_res & RVAL_NONE) && u_error) { switch (u_error) { #ifdef LINUX case ERESTARTSYS: tprintf("= ? ERESTARTSYS (To be restarted)"); break; case ERESTARTNOINTR: tprintf("= ? ERESTARTNOINTR (To be restarted)"); break; case ERESTARTNOHAND: tprintf("= ? ERESTARTNOHAND (To be restarted)"); break; case ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK: tprintf("= ? ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK (To be restarted)"); break; #endif /* LINUX */ default: tprintf("= -1 "); if (u_error < 0) tprintf("E??? (errno %ld)", u_error); else if (u_error < nerrnos) tprintf("%s (%s)", errnoent[u_error], strerror(u_error)); else tprintf("ERRNO_%ld (%s)", u_error, strerror(u_error)); break; } } else { if (sys_res & RVAL_NONE) tprintf("= ?"); else { switch (sys_res & RVAL_MASK) { case RVAL_HEX: tprintf("= %#lx", tcp->u_rval); break; case RVAL_OCTAL: tprintf("= %#lo", tcp->u_rval); break; case RVAL_UDECIMAL: tprintf("= %lu", tcp->u_rval); break; case RVAL_DECIMAL: tprintf("= %ld", tcp->u_rval); break; #ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG case RVAL_LHEX: tprintf("= %#llx", tcp->u_lrval); break; case RVAL_LOCTAL: tprintf("= %#llo", tcp->u_lrval); break; case RVAL_LUDECIMAL: tprintf("= %llu", tcp->u_lrval); break; case RVAL_LDECIMAL: tprintf("= %lld", tcp->u_lrval); break; #endif default: fprintf(stderr, "invalid rval format\n"); break; } } if ((sys_res & RVAL_STR) && tcp->auxstr) tprintf(" (%s)", tcp->auxstr); } if (dtime) { tv_sub(&tv, &tv, &tcp->etime); tprintf(" <%ld.%06ld>", (long) tv.tv_sec, (long) tv.tv_usec); } printtrailer(tcp); dumpio(tcp); if (fflush(tcp->outf) == EOF) return -1; tcp->flags &= ~TCB_INSYSCALL; return 0; } /* Entering system call */ res = syscall_enter(tcp); if (res != 1) return res; switch (tcp->scno + NR_SYSCALL_BASE) { #ifdef LINUX #if !defined (ALPHA) && !defined(SPARC) && !defined(MIPS) && !defined(HPPA) && !defined(X86_64) case SYS_socketcall: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_socket_subcall, SYS_socket_nsubcalls, deref_style); break; case SYS_ipc: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_ipc_subcall, SYS_ipc_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; #endif /* !ALPHA && !MIPS && !SPARC && !HPPA && !X86_64 */ #ifdef SPARC case SYS_socketcall: sparc_socket_decode (tcp); break; #endif #endif /* LINUX */ #ifdef SVR4 #ifdef SYS_pgrpsys_subcall case SYS_pgrpsys: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_pgrpsys_subcall, SYS_pgrpsys_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; #endif /* SYS_pgrpsys_subcall */ #ifdef SYS_sigcall_subcall case SYS_sigcall: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_sigcall_subcall, SYS_sigcall_nsubcalls, mask_style); break; #endif /* SYS_sigcall_subcall */ case SYS_msgsys: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_msgsys_subcall, SYS_msgsys_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; case SYS_shmsys: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_shmsys_subcall, SYS_shmsys_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; case SYS_semsys: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_semsys_subcall, SYS_semsys_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; #if 0 /* broken */ case SYS_utssys: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_utssys_subcall, SYS_utssys_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; #endif case SYS_sysfs: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_sysfs_subcall, SYS_sysfs_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; case SYS_spcall: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_spcall_subcall, SYS_spcall_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; #ifdef SYS_context_subcall case SYS_context: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_context_subcall, SYS_context_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; #endif /* SYS_context_subcall */ #ifdef SYS_door_subcall case SYS_door: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_door_subcall, SYS_door_nsubcalls, door_style); break; #endif /* SYS_door_subcall */ #ifdef SYS_kaio_subcall case SYS_kaio: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_kaio_subcall, SYS_kaio_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; #endif #endif /* SVR4 */ #ifdef FREEBSD case SYS_msgsys: case SYS_shmsys: case SYS_semsys: decode_subcall(tcp, 0, 0, table_style); break; #endif #ifdef SUNOS4 case SYS_semsys: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_semsys_subcall, SYS_semsys_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; case SYS_msgsys: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_msgsys_subcall, SYS_msgsys_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; case SYS_shmsys: decode_subcall(tcp, SYS_shmsys_subcall, SYS_shmsys_nsubcalls, shift_style); break; #endif } internal_syscall(tcp); if (tcp->scno >=0 && tcp->scno < nsyscalls && !(qual_flags[tcp->scno] & QUAL_TRACE)) { tcp->flags |= TCB_INSYSCALL; return 0; } if (cflag) { gettimeofday(&tcp->etime, NULL); tcp->flags |= TCB_INSYSCALL; return 0; } printleader(tcp); tcp->flags &= ~TCB_REPRINT; tcp_last = tcp; if (tcp->scno >= nsyscalls || tcp->scno < 0) tprintf("syscall_%lu(", tcp->scno); else tprintf("%s(", sysent[tcp->scno].sys_name); if (tcp->scno >= nsyscalls || tcp->scno < 0 || ((qual_flags[tcp->scno] & QUAL_RAW) && tcp->scno != SYS_exit)) sys_res = printargs(tcp); else sys_res = (*sysent[tcp->scno].sys_func)(tcp); if (fflush(tcp->outf) == EOF) return -1; tcp->flags |= TCB_INSYSCALL; /* Measure the entrance time as late as possible to avoid errors. */ if (dtime) gettimeofday(&tcp->etime, NULL); return sys_res; } int printargs(tcp) struct tcb *tcp; { if (entering(tcp)) { int i; for (i = 0; i < tcp->u_nargs; i++) tprintf("%s%#lx", i ? ", " : "", tcp->u_arg[i]); } return 0; } long getrval2(tcp) struct tcb *tcp; { long val = -1; #ifdef LINUX #ifdef SPARC struct regs regs; if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS,tcp->pid,(char *)®s,0) < 0) return -1; val = regs.r_o1; #elif defined(SH) if (upeek(tcp->pid, 4*(REG_REG0+1), &val) < 0) return -1; #endif /* SPARC */ #endif /* LINUX */ #ifdef SUNOS4 if (upeek(tcp->pid, uoff(u_rval2), &val) < 0) return -1; #endif /* SUNOS4 */ #ifdef SVR4 #ifdef SPARC val = tcp->status.PR_REG[R_O1]; #endif /* SPARC */ #ifdef I386 val = tcp->status.PR_REG[EDX]; #endif /* I386 */ #ifdef X86_64 val = tcp->status.PR_REG[RDX]; #endif /* X86_64 */ #ifdef MIPS val = tcp->status.PR_REG[CTX_V1]; #endif /* MIPS */ #endif /* SVR4 */ #ifdef FREEBSD struct reg regs; pread(tcp->pfd_reg, ®s, sizeof(regs), 0); val = regs.r_edx; #endif return val; } /* * Apparently, indirect system calls have already be converted by ptrace(2), * so if you see "indir" this program has gone astray. */ int sys_indir(tcp) struct tcb *tcp; { int i, scno, nargs; if (entering(tcp)) { if ((scno = tcp->u_arg[0]) > nsyscalls) { fprintf(stderr, "Bogus syscall: %u\n", scno); return 0; } nargs = sysent[scno].nargs; tprintf("%s", sysent[scno].sys_name); for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) tprintf(", %#lx", tcp->u_arg[i+1]); } return 0; } static int time_cmp(a, b) void *a; void *b; { return -tv_cmp(&tv_count[*((int *) a)], &tv_count[*((int *) b)]); } static int syscall_cmp(a, b) void *a; void *b; { return strcmp(sysent[*((int *) a)].sys_name, sysent[*((int *) b)].sys_name); } static int count_cmp(a, b) void *a; void *b; { int m = call_count[*((int *) a)], n = call_count[*((int *) b)]; return (m < n) ? 1 : (m > n) ? -1 : 0; } static int (*sortfun)(); static struct timeval overhead = { -1, -1 }; void set_sortby(sortby) char *sortby; { if (strcmp(sortby, "time") == 0) sortfun = time_cmp; else if (strcmp(sortby, "calls") == 0) sortfun = count_cmp; else if (strcmp(sortby, "name") == 0) sortfun = syscall_cmp; else if (strcmp(sortby, "nothing") == 0) sortfun = NULL; else { fprintf(stderr, "invalid sortby: `%s'\n", sortby); exit(1); } } void set_overhead(n) int n; { overhead.tv_sec = n / 1000000; overhead.tv_usec = n % 1000000; } void call_summary(outf) FILE *outf; { int i, j; int call_cum, error_cum; struct timeval tv_cum, dtv; double percent; char *dashes = "-------------------------"; char error_str[16]; call_cum = error_cum = tv_cum.tv_sec = tv_cum.tv_usec = 0; if (overhead.tv_sec == -1) { tv_mul(&overhead, &shortest, 8); tv_div(&overhead, &overhead, 10); } for (i = 0; i < nsyscalls; i++) { sorted_count[i] = i; if (call_count[i] == 0) continue; tv_mul(&dtv, &overhead, call_count[i]); tv_sub(&tv_count[i], &tv_count[i], &dtv); call_cum += call_count[i]; error_cum += error_count[i]; tv_add(&tv_cum, &tv_cum, &tv_count[i]); } if (sortfun) qsort((void *) sorted_count, nsyscalls, sizeof(int), sortfun); fprintf(outf, "%6.6s %11.11s %11.11s %9.9s %9.9s %s\n", "% time", "seconds", "usecs/call", "calls", "errors", "syscall"); fprintf(outf, "%6.6s %11.11s %11.11s %9.9s %9.9s %-16.16s\n", dashes, dashes, dashes, dashes, dashes, dashes); for (i = 0; i < nsyscalls; i++) { j = sorted_count[i]; if (call_count[j] == 0) continue; tv_div(&dtv, &tv_count[j], call_count[j]); if (error_count[j]) sprintf(error_str, "%d", error_count[j]); else error_str[0] = '\0'; percent = 100.0*tv_float(&tv_count[j])/tv_float(&tv_cum); fprintf(outf, "%6.2f %4ld.%06ld %11ld %9d %9.9s %s\n", percent, (long) tv_count[j].tv_sec, (long) tv_count[j].tv_usec, (long) 1000000 * dtv.tv_sec + dtv.tv_usec, call_count[j], error_str, sysent[j].sys_name); } fprintf(outf, "%6.6s %11.11s %11.11s %9.9s %9.9s %-16.16s\n", dashes, dashes, dashes, dashes, dashes, dashes); if (error_cum) sprintf(error_str, "%d", error_cum); else error_str[0] = '\0'; fprintf(outf, "%6.6s %4ld.%06ld %11.11s %9d %9.9s %s\n", "100.00", (long) tv_cum.tv_sec, (long) tv_cum.tv_usec, "", call_cum, error_str, "total"); }