Renames ThreadStartSempahore to Notificaton (by Vlad Losev); adds threading tests for SCOPED_TRACE() (by Vlad Losev); replaces native pthread calls with gtest's threading constructs (by Vlad Losev); fixes flakiness in CountedDestructor (by Vlad Losev); minor MSVC 7.1 clean-up (by Zhanyong Wan).

git-svn-id: http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@386 861a406c-534a-0410-8894-cb66d6ee9925

12 files changed, 359 insertions, 179 deletions

diff --git a/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h b/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
index 6910c7b..b1b9203 100644
--- a/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
+++ b/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
@@ -463,13 +463,10 @@
 #include <vector>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
-// Determines whether to support value-parameterized tests.
-
-#if defined(__GNUC__) || (_MSC_VER >= 1400)
-// TODO(vladl@google.com): get the implementation rid of vector and list
-// to compile on MSVC 7.1.
+// We don't support MSVC 7.1 with exceptions disabled now.  Therefore
+// all the compilers we care about are adequate for supporting
+// value-parameterized tests.
 #define GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST 1
-#endif  // defined(__GNUC__) || (_MSC_VER >= 1400)
 
 // Determines whether to support type-driven tests.
 
@@ -774,6 +771,97 @@ const ::std::vector<String>& GetArgvs();
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
+// Sleeps for (roughly) n milli-seconds.  This function is only for
+// testing Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests,
+// either directly or indirectly.
+inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
+  const timespec time = {
+    0,                  // 0 seconds.
+    n * 1000L * 1000L,  // And n ms.
+  };
+  nanosleep(&time, NULL);
+}
+
+// Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
+// threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
+// and destroyed in the controller thread.
+//
+// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
+// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+class Notification {
+ public:
+  Notification() : notified_(false) {}
+
+  // Notifies all threads created with this notification to start. Must
+  // be called from the controller thread.
+  void Notify() { notified_ = true; }
+
+  // Blocks until the controller thread notifies. Must be called from a test
+  // thread.
+  void WaitForNotification() {
+    while(!notified_) {
+      SleepMilliseconds(10);
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  volatile bool notified_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
+};
+
+// Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
+// To use it, derive a class template ThreadWithParam<T> from
+// ThreadWithParamBase<T> and implement thread creation and startup in
+// the constructor and joining the thread in JoinUnderlyingThread().
+// Then you can write:
+//
+//   void ThreadFunc(int param) { /* Do things with param */ }
+//   Notification thread_can_start;
+//   ...
+//   // The thread_can_start parameter is optional; you can supply NULL.
+//   ThreadWithParam<int> thread(&ThreadFunc, 5, &thread_can_start);
+//   thread_can_start.Notify();
+//
+// These classes are only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do
+// not use them in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  typedef void (*UserThreadFunc)(T);
+
+  ThreadWithParamBase(
+      UserThreadFunc func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : func_(func),
+        param_(param),
+        thread_can_start_(thread_can_start),
+        finished_(false) {}
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase() {}
+
+  void Join() {
+    if (!finished_) {
+      JoinUnderlyingThread();
+      finished_ = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  virtual void JoinUnderlyingThread() = 0;
+
+  void ThreadMain() {
+    if (thread_can_start_ != NULL)
+      thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
+    func_(param_);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  const UserThreadFunc func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
+  const T param_;  // User-supplied parameter to the thread function.
+  // When non-NULL, used to block execution until the controller thread
+  // notifies.
+  Notification* const thread_can_start_;
+  bool finished_;  // true iff we know that the thread function has finished.
+};
+
 // gtest-port.h guarantees to #include <pthread.h> when GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD is
 // true.
 #include <pthread.h>
@@ -936,99 +1024,32 @@ class ThreadLocal {
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
 };
 
-// Sleeps for (roughly) n milli-seconds.  This function is only for
-// testing Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests,
-// either directly or indirectly.
-inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
-  const timespec time = {
-    0,                  // 0 seconds.
-    n * 1000L * 1000L,  // And n ms.
-  };
-  nanosleep(&time, NULL);
-}
-
-// Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
-// threads until signalled.  Instances of this class must be created
-// and destroyed in the controller thread.
-//
-// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
-// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
-class ThreadStartSemaphore {
- public:
-  ThreadStartSemaphore() : signalled_(false) {}
-
-  // Signals to all threads created with this semaphore to start. Must
-  // be called from the controller thread.
-  void Signal() { signalled_ = true; }
-
-  // Blocks until the controller thread signals. Must be called from a test
-  // thread.
-  void Wait() {
-    while(!signalled_) {
-      SleepMilliseconds(10);
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  volatile bool signalled_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadStartSemaphore);
-};
-
 // Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
-// Use:
-//
-//   void ThreadFunc(int param) { /* Do things with param */ }
-//   ThreadStartSemaphore semaphore;
-//   ...
-//   // The semaphore parameter is optional; you can supply NULL.
-//   ThreadWithParam<int> thread(&ThreadFunc, 5, &semaphore);
-//   semaphore.Signal();  // Allows the thread to start.
-//
-// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
-// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
 template <typename T>
-class ThreadWithParam {
+class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase<T> {
  public:
-  typedef void (*UserThreadFunc)(T);
-
-  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc func, T param, ThreadStartSemaphore* semaphore)
-      : func_(func),
-        param_(param),
-        start_semaphore_(semaphore),
-        finished_(false) {
+  ThreadWithParam(void (*func)(T), T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : ThreadWithParamBase<T>(func, param, thread_can_start) {
     // The thread can be created only after all fields except thread_
     // have been initialized.
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
         pthread_create(&thread_, 0, ThreadMainStatic, this));
   }
-  ~ThreadWithParam() { Join(); }
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParam() { this->Join(); }
 
-  void Join() {
-    if (!finished_) {
-      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_join(thread_, 0));
-      finished_ = true;
-    }
+  virtual void JoinUnderlyingThread() {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_join(thread_, 0));
   }
 
  private:
-  void ThreadMain() {
-    if (start_semaphore_ != NULL)
-      start_semaphore_->Wait();
-    func_(param_);
-  }
   static void* ThreadMainStatic(void* thread_with_param) {
     static_cast<ThreadWithParam<T>*>(thread_with_param)->ThreadMain();
     return NULL;  // We are not interested in the thread exit code.
   }
 
-  const UserThreadFunc func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
-  const T param_;  // User-supplied parameter to the thread function.
-  // When non-NULL, used to block execution until the controller thread
-  // signals.
-  ThreadStartSemaphore* const start_semaphore_;
-  bool finished_;  // Has the thread function finished?
   pthread_t thread_;  // The native thread object.
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
 };
 
 #define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE 1
diff --git a/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h b/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
index 6f9ba05..280645e 100644
--- a/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
+++ b/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
@@ -51,14 +51,13 @@ namespace internal {
 
 // String - a UTF-8 string class.
 //
-// We cannot use std::string as Microsoft's STL implementation in
-// Visual C++ 7.1 has problems when exception is disabled.  There is a
-// hack to work around this, but we've seen cases where the hack fails
-// to work.
+// For historic reasons, we don't use std::string.
 //
-// Also, String is different from std::string in that it can represent
-// both NULL and the empty string, while std::string cannot represent
-// NULL.
+// TODO(wan@google.com): replace this class with std::string or
+// implement it in terms of the latter.
+//
+// Note that String can represent both NULL and the empty string,
+// while std::string cannot represent NULL.
 //
 // NULL and the empty string are considered different.  NULL is less
 // than anything (including the empty string) except itself.
diff --git a/samples/sample7_unittest.cc b/samples/sample7_unittest.cc
index b5d507a..f455282 100644
--- a/samples/sample7_unittest.cc
+++ b/samples/sample7_unittest.cc
@@ -121,12 +121,12 @@ INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
 
 #else
 
-// Google Test doesn't support value-parameterized tests on some platforms
-// and compilers, such as MSVC 7.1. If we use conditional compilation to
-// compile out all code referring to the gtest_main library, MSVC linker
-// will not link that library at all and consequently complain about
-// missing entry point defined in that library (fatal error LNK1561:
-// entry point must be defined). This dummy test keeps gtest_main linked in.
+// Google Test may not support value-parameterized tests with some
+// compilers. If we use conditional compilation to compile out all
+// code referring to the gtest_main library, MSVC linker will not link
+// that library at all and consequently complain about missing entry
+// point defined in that library (fatal error LNK1561: entry point
+// must be defined). This dummy test keeps gtest_main linked in.
 TEST(DummyTest, ValueParameterizedTestsAreNotSupportedOnThisPlatform) {}
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
diff --git a/samples/sample8_unittest.cc b/samples/sample8_unittest.cc
index d76136a..ccf61d9 100644
--- a/samples/sample8_unittest.cc
+++ b/samples/sample8_unittest.cc
@@ -162,12 +162,12 @@ INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(MeaningfulTestParameters,
 
 #else
 
-// Google Test doesn't support Combine() on some platforms and compilers,
-// such as MSVC 7.1. If we use conditional compilation to compile out
-// all code referring to the gtest_main library, MSVC linker will not
-// link that library at all and consequently complain about missing entry
-// point defined in that library (fatal error LNK1561: entry point must
-// be defined). This dummy test keeps gtest_main linked in.
+// Google Test may not support Combine() with some compilers. If we
+// use conditional compilation to compile out all code referring to
+// the gtest_main library, MSVC linker will not link that library at
+// all and consequently complain about missing entry point defined in
+// that library (fatal error LNK1561: entry point must be
+// defined). This dummy test keeps gtest_main linked in.
 TEST(DummyTest, CombineIsNotSupportedOnThisPlatform) {}
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
diff --git a/src/gtest-death-test.cc b/src/gtest-death-test.cc
index 5f2fbbc..3b73b01 100644
--- a/src/gtest-death-test.cc
+++ b/src/gtest-death-test.cc
@@ -1037,8 +1037,6 @@ bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
 // Splits a given string on a given delimiter, populating a given
 // vector with the fields.  GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have
 // ::std::string, so we can use it here.
-// TODO(vladl@google.com): Get rid of std::vector to be able to build on
-// Visual C++ 7.1 with exceptions disabled.
 static void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
                         ::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest) {
   ::std::vector< ::std::string> parsed;
diff --git a/test/gtest-port_test.cc b/test/gtest-port_test.cc
index 357a99e..1588bd4 100644
--- a/test/gtest-port_test.cc
+++ b/test/gtest-port_test.cc
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ TEST(MutexDeathTest, AssertHeldShouldAssertWhenNotLocked) {
     { MutexLock lock(&m); }
     m.AssertHeld();
   },
-  "The current thread is not holding the mutex @.+");
+  "thread .*hold");
 }
 
 TEST(MutexTest, AssertHeldShouldNotAssertWhenLocked) {
@@ -859,16 +859,16 @@ TEST(MutexTest, OnlyOneThreadCanLockAtATime) {
   const int kCycleCount = 20;
   const int kThreadCount = 7;
   scoped_ptr<ThreadType> counting_threads[kThreadCount];
-  ThreadStartSemaphore semaphore;
+  Notification threads_can_start;
   // Creates and runs kThreadCount threads that increment locked_counter
   // kCycleCount times each.
   for (int i = 0; i < kThreadCount; ++i) {
     counting_threads[i].reset(new ThreadType(&CountingThreadFunc,
                                              make_pair(&locked_counter,
                                                        kCycleCount),
-                                             &semaphore));
+                                             &threads_can_start));
   }
-  semaphore.Signal();  // Starts the threads.
+  threads_can_start.Notify();
   for (int i = 0; i < kThreadCount; ++i)
     counting_threads[i]->Join();
 
@@ -901,16 +901,29 @@ TEST(ThreadLocalTest, ParameterizedConstructorSetsDefault) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("foo", result.c_str());
 }
 
-class CountedDestructor {
+// DestructorTracker keeps track of whether the class instances have been
+// destroyed. The static synchronization mutex has to be defined outside
+// of the class, due to syntax of its definition.
+static GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(destructor_tracker_mutex);
+
+static std::vector<bool> g_destroyed;
+
+class DestructorTracker {
  public:
-  ~CountedDestructor() { counter_++; }
-  static int counter() { return counter_; }
-  static void set_counter(int value) { counter_ = value; }
+  DestructorTracker() : index_(GetNewIndex()) {}
+  ~DestructorTracker() {
+    MutexLock lock(&destructor_tracker_mutex);
+    g_destroyed[index_] = true;
+  }
 
  private:
-  static int counter_;
+  static int GetNewIndex() {
+    MutexLock lock(&destructor_tracker_mutex);
+    g_destroyed.push_back(false);
+    return g_destroyed.size() - 1;
+  }
+  const int index_;
 };
-int CountedDestructor::counter_ = 0;
 
 template <typename T>
 void CallThreadLocalGet(ThreadLocal<T>* threadLocal) {
@@ -918,16 +931,19 @@ void CallThreadLocalGet(ThreadLocal<T>* threadLocal) {
 }
 
 TEST(ThreadLocalTest, DestroysManagedObjectsNoLaterThanSelf) {
-  CountedDestructor::set_counter(0);
+  g_destroyed.clear();
   {
-    ThreadLocal<CountedDestructor> thread_local;
-    ThreadWithParam<ThreadLocal<CountedDestructor>*> thread(
-        &CallThreadLocalGet<CountedDestructor>, &thread_local, NULL);
+    ThreadLocal<DestructorTracker> thread_local;
+    ThreadWithParam<ThreadLocal<DestructorTracker>*> thread(
+        &CallThreadLocalGet<DestructorTracker>, &thread_local, NULL);
     thread.Join();
   }
-  // There should be 2 desctuctor calls as ThreadLocal also contains a member
-  // T - used as a prototype for copy ctr version.
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, CountedDestructor::counter());
+  // Verifies that all DestructorTracker objects there were have been
+  // destroyed.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i <  g_destroyed.size(); ++i)
+    EXPECT_TRUE(g_destroyed[i]) << "at index " << i;
+
+  g_destroyed.clear();
 }
 
 TEST(ThreadLocalTest, ThreadLocalMutationsAffectOnlyCurrentThread) {
diff --git a/test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc b/test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc
index 4b6e971..f2c3972 100644
--- a/test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc
+++ b/test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc
@@ -349,12 +349,12 @@ INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, NumericTest, NumericTypes);
 
 #if !defined(GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST) && !defined(GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P)
 
-// Google Test doesn't support type-parameterized tests on some platforms
-// and compilers, such as MSVC 7.1. If we use conditional compilation to
-// compile out all code referring to the gtest_main library, MSVC linker
-// will not link that library at all and consequently complain about
-// missing entry point defined in that library (fatal error LNK1561:
-// entry point must be defined). This dummy test keeps gtest_main linked in.
+// Google Test may not support type-parameterized tests with some
+// compilers. If we use conditional compilation to compile out all
+// code referring to the gtest_main library, MSVC linker will not link
+// that library at all and consequently complain about missing entry
+// point defined in that library (fatal error LNK1561: entry point
+// must be defined). This dummy test keeps gtest_main linked in.
 TEST(DummyTest, TypedTestsAreNotSupportedOnThisPlatform) {}
 
 #endif  // #if !defined(GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST) && !defined(GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P)
diff --git a/test/gtest_output_test.py b/test/gtest_output_test.py
index 125970a..192030a 100755
--- a/test/gtest_output_test.py
+++ b/test/gtest_output_test.py
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ class GTestOutputTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
     normalized_golden = RemoveTypeInfoDetails(golden)
 
     if CAN_GENERATE_GOLDEN_FILE:
-      self.assert_(normalized_golden == normalized_actual)
+      self.assertEqual(normalized_golden, normalized_actual)
     else:
       normalized_actual = RemoveTestCounts(normalized_actual)
       normalized_golden = RemoveTestCounts(self.RemoveUnsupportedTests(
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class GTestOutputTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
             '_gtest_output_test_normalized_golden.txt'), 'wb').write(
                 normalized_golden)
 
-      self.assert_(normalized_golden == normalized_actual)
+      self.assertEqual(normalized_golden, normalized_actual)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/test/gtest_output_test_.cc b/test/gtest_output_test_.cc
index 6d75602..273e8e9 100644
--- a/test/gtest_output_test_.cc
+++ b/test/gtest_output_test_.cc
@@ -46,15 +46,17 @@
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-#include <pthread.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 using testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter;
 using testing::TestPartResultArray;
 
+using testing::internal::Notification;
+using testing::internal::ThreadWithParam;
+#endif
+
 namespace posix = ::testing::internal::posix;
 using testing::internal::String;
+using testing::internal::scoped_ptr;
 
 // Tests catching fatal failures.
 
@@ -214,6 +216,83 @@ TEST(SCOPED_TRACETest, CanBeRepeated) {
                 << "trace point A, B, and D.";
 }
 
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+// Tests that SCOPED_TRACE()s can be used concurrently from multiple
+// threads.  Namely, an assertion should be affected by
+// SCOPED_TRACE()s in its own thread only.
+
+// Here's the sequence of actions that happen in the test:
+//
+//   Thread A (main)                | Thread B (spawned)
+//   ===============================|================================
+//   spawns thread B                |
+//   -------------------------------+--------------------------------
+//   waits for n1                   | SCOPED_TRACE("Trace B");
+//                                  | generates failure #1
+//                                  | notifies n1
+//   -------------------------------+--------------------------------
+//   SCOPED_TRACE("Trace A");       | waits for n2
+//   generates failure #2           |
+//   notifies n2                    |
+//   -------------------------------|--------------------------------
+//   waits for n3                   | generates failure #3
+//                                  | trace B dies
+//                                  | generates failure #4
+//                                  | notifies n3
+//   -------------------------------|--------------------------------
+//   generates failure #5           | finishes
+//   trace A dies                   |
+//   generates failure #6           |
+//   -------------------------------|--------------------------------
+//   waits for thread B to finish   |
+
+struct CheckPoints {
+  Notification n1;
+  Notification n2;
+  Notification n3;
+};
+
+static void ThreadWithScopedTrace(CheckPoints* check_points) {
+  {
+    SCOPED_TRACE("Trace B");
+    ADD_FAILURE()
+        << "Expected failure #1 (in thread B, only trace B alive).";
+    check_points->n1.Notify();
+    check_points->n2.WaitForNotification();
+
+    ADD_FAILURE()
+        << "Expected failure #3 (in thread B, trace A & B both alive).";
+  }  // Trace B dies here.
+  ADD_FAILURE()
+      << "Expected failure #4 (in thread B, only trace A alive).";
+  check_points->n3.Notify();
+}
+
+TEST(SCOPED_TRACETest, WorksConcurrently) {
+  printf("(expecting 6 failures)\n");
+
+  CheckPoints check_points;
+  ThreadWithParam<CheckPoints*> thread(&ThreadWithScopedTrace,
+                                       &check_points,
+                                       NULL);
+  check_points.n1.WaitForNotification();
+
+  {
+    SCOPED_TRACE("Trace A");
+    ADD_FAILURE()
+        << "Expected failure #2 (in thread A, trace A & B both alive).";
+    check_points.n2.Notify();
+    check_points.n3.WaitForNotification();
+
+    ADD_FAILURE()
+        << "Expected failure #5 (in thread A, only trace A alive).";
+  }  // Trace A dies here.
+  ADD_FAILURE()
+      << "Expected failure #6 (in thread A, no trace alive).";
+  thread.Join();
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
 TEST(DisabledTestsWarningTest,
      DISABLED_AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlagSuppressesWarning) {
   // This test body is intentionally empty.  Its sole purpose is for
@@ -479,6 +558,63 @@ TEST_F(ExceptionInTearDownTest, ExceptionInTearDown) {
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+// A unary function that may die.
+void DieIf(bool should_die) {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(!should_die) << " - death inside DieIf().";
+}
+
+// Tests running death tests in a multi-threaded context.
+
+// Used for coordination between the main and the spawn thread.
+struct SpawnThreadNotifications {
+  SpawnThreadNotifications() {}
+
+  Notification spawn_thread_started;
+  Notification spawn_thread_ok_to_terminate;
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SpawnThreadNotifications);
+};
+
+// The function to be executed in the thread spawn by the
+// MultipleThreads test (below).
+static void ThreadRoutine(SpawnThreadNotifications* notifications) {
+  // Signals the main thread that this thread has started.
+  notifications->spawn_thread_started.Notify();
+
+  // Waits for permission to finish from the main thread.
+  notifications->spawn_thread_ok_to_terminate.WaitForNotification();
+}
+
+// This is a death-test test, but it's not named with a DeathTest
+// suffix.  It starts threads which might interfere with later
+// death tests, so it must run after all other death tests.
+class DeathTestAndMultiThreadsTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Starts a thread and waits for it to begin.
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    thread_.reset(new ThreadWithParam<SpawnThreadNotifications*>(
+        &ThreadRoutine, &notifications_, NULL));
+    notifications_.spawn_thread_started.WaitForNotification();
+  }
+  // Tells the thread to finish, and reaps it.
+  // Depending on the version of the thread library in use,
+  // a manager thread might still be left running that will interfere
+  // with later death tests.  This is unfortunate, but this class
+  // cleans up after itself as best it can.
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    notifications_.spawn_thread_ok_to_terminate.Notify();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  SpawnThreadNotifications notifications_;
+  scoped_ptr<ThreadWithParam<SpawnThreadNotifications*> > thread_;
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
 // The MixedUpTestCaseTest test case verifies that Google Test will fail a
 // test if it uses a different fixture class than what other tests in
 // the same test case use.  It deliberately contains two fixture
@@ -849,23 +985,13 @@ TEST_F(ExpectFailureTest, ExpectNonFatalFailure) {
                           "failure.");
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 class ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest : public ExpectFailureTest {
  protected:
   static void AddFailureInOtherThread(FailureMode failure) {
-    pthread_t tid;
-    pthread_create(&tid,
-                   NULL,
-                   ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest::FailureThread,
-                   &failure);
-    pthread_join(tid, NULL);
-  }
- private:
-  static void* FailureThread(void* attr) {
-    FailureMode* failure = static_cast<FailureMode*>(attr);
-    AddFailure(*failure);
-    return NULL;
+    ThreadWithParam<FailureMode> thread(&AddFailure, failure, NULL);
+    thread.Join();
   }
 };
 
@@ -901,7 +1027,7 @@ TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest, InterceptOnlyCurrentThread) {
   EXPECT_EQ(0, results.size()) << "This shouldn't fail.";
 }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 TEST_F(ExpectFailureTest, ExpectFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
   // Expected fatal failure, but succeeds.
diff --git a/test/gtest_output_test_golden_lin.txt b/test/gtest_output_test_golden_lin.txt
index 4d67bd6..ec60437 100644
--- a/test/gtest_output_test_golden_lin.txt
+++ b/test/gtest_output_test_golden_lin.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Expected: true
 gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
 Value of: 3
 Expected: 2
-[==========] Running 59 tests from 25 test cases.
+[==========] Running 60 tests from 25 test cases.
 [----------] Global test environment set-up.
 FooEnvironment::SetUp() called.
 BarEnvironment::SetUp() called.
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ i == 3
 gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
 Expected: (3) >= (a[i]), actual: 3 vs 6
 [  FAILED  ] LoggingTest.InterleavingLoggingAndAssertions
-[----------] 5 tests from SCOPED_TRACETest
+[----------] 6 tests from SCOPED_TRACETest
 [ RUN      ] SCOPED_TRACETest.ObeysScopes
 (expected to fail)
 gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
@@ -148,6 +148,35 @@ gtest_output_test_.cc:#: D
 gtest_output_test_.cc:#: B
 gtest_output_test_.cc:#: A
 [  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.CanBeRepeated
+[ RUN      ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksConcurrently
+(expecting 6 failures)
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #1 (in thread B, only trace B alive).
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Trace B
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #2 (in thread A, trace A & B both alive).
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Trace A
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #3 (in thread B, trace A & B both alive).
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Trace B
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #4 (in thread B, only trace A alive).
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #5 (in thread A, only trace A alive).
+Google Test trace:
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Trace A
+gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
+Failed
+Expected failure #6 (in thread A, no trace alive).
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksConcurrently
 [----------] 1 test from NonFatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest
 [ RUN      ] NonFatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest.FailureInConstructor
 (expecting 5 failures)
@@ -544,9 +573,9 @@ FooEnvironment::TearDown() called.
 gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
 Failed
 Expected fatal failure.
-[==========] 59 tests from 25 test cases ran.
+[==========] 60 tests from 25 test cases ran.
 [  PASSED  ] 21 tests.
-[  FAILED  ] 38 tests, listed below:
+[  FAILED  ] 39 tests, listed below:
 [  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInSubroutine
 [  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.FatalFailureInNestedSubroutine
 [  FAILED  ] FatalFailureTest.NonfatalFailureInSubroutine
@@ -556,6 +585,7 @@ Expected fatal failure.
 [  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksInSubroutine
 [  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.CanBeNested
 [  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.CanBeRepeated
+[  FAILED  ] SCOPED_TRACETest.WorksConcurrently
 [  FAILED  ] NonFatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest.FailureInConstructor
 [  FAILED  ] FatalFailureInFixtureConstructorTest.FailureInConstructor
 [  FAILED  ] NonFatalFailureInSetUpTest.FailureInSetUp
@@ -586,7 +616,7 @@ Expected fatal failure.
 [  FAILED  ] ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest.ExpectNonFatalFailure
 [  FAILED  ] ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest.InterceptOnlyCurrentThread
 
-38 FAILED TESTS
+39 FAILED TESTS
   YOU HAVE 1 DISABLED TEST
 
 Note: Google Test filter = FatalFailureTest.*:LoggingTest.*
diff --git a/test/gtest_stress_test.cc b/test/gtest_stress_test.cc
index 01f4fc6..f5af78c 100644
--- a/test/gtest_stress_test.cc
+++ b/test/gtest_stress_test.cc
@@ -49,16 +49,15 @@
 namespace testing {
 namespace {
 
-using internal::scoped_ptr;
+using internal::Notification;
 using internal::String;
 using internal::TestPropertyKeyIs;
-using internal::ThreadStartSemaphore;
 using internal::ThreadWithParam;
+using internal::scoped_ptr;
 
 // In order to run tests in this file, for platforms where Google Test is
-// thread safe, implement ThreadWithParam and ThreadStartSemaphore. See the
-// description of their API in gtest-port.h, where they are defined for
-// already supported platforms.
+// thread safe, implement ThreadWithParam. See the description of its API
+// in gtest-port.h, where it is defined for already supported platforms.
 
 // How many threads to create?
 const int kThreadCount = 50;
@@ -129,11 +128,13 @@ void CheckTestFailureCount(int expected_failures) {
 TEST(StressTest, CanUseScopedTraceAndAssertionsInManyThreads) {
   {
     scoped_ptr<ThreadWithParam<int> > threads[kThreadCount];
-    ThreadStartSemaphore semaphore;
+    Notification threads_can_start;
     for (int i = 0; i != kThreadCount; i++)
-      threads[i].reset(new ThreadWithParam<int>(&ManyAsserts, i, &semaphore));
+      threads[i].reset(new ThreadWithParam<int>(&ManyAsserts,
+                                                i,
+                                                &threads_can_start));
 
-    semaphore.Signal(); // Starts all the threads.
+    threads_can_start.Notify();
 
     // Blocks until all the threads are done.
     for (int i = 0; i != kThreadCount; i++)
diff --git a/test/gtest_unittest.cc b/test/gtest_unittest.cc
index bc190e1..d5a6f30 100644
--- a/test/gtest_unittest.cc
+++ b/test/gtest_unittest.cc
@@ -71,10 +71,6 @@ TEST(CommandLineFlagsTest, CanBeAccessedInCodeOnceGTestHIsIncluded) {
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-#include <pthread.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-
 #include <map>
 
 namespace testing {
@@ -191,6 +187,10 @@ using testing::internal::CaptureStdout;
 using testing::internal::GetCapturedStdout;
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION_
 
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+using testing::internal::ThreadWithParam;
+#endif
+
 class TestingVector : public std::vector<int> {
 };
 
@@ -1283,25 +1283,14 @@ TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest, DeprecatedConstructor) {
   EXPECT_EQ(1, results.size());
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 class ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest
   : public ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest {
  protected:
   static void AddFailureInOtherThread(FailureMode failure) {
-    pthread_t tid;
-    pthread_create(&tid,
-                   NULL,
-                   ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest::
-                       FailureThread,
-                   &failure);
-    pthread_join(tid, NULL);
-  }
- private:
-  static void* FailureThread(void* attr) {
-    FailureMode* failure = static_cast<FailureMode*>(attr);
-    AddFailure(*failure);
-    return NULL;
+    ThreadWithParam<FailureMode> thread(&AddFailure, failure, NULL);
+    thread.Join();
   }
 };
 
@@ -1324,7 +1313,7 @@ TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest,
   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(3).fatally_failed());
 }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // Tests EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE{,ON_ALL_THREADS}.  Makes sure that they
 // work even if the failure is generated in a called function rather than
@@ -1435,7 +1424,7 @@ TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma) {
   }, "");
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest
     ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest;
@@ -1450,7 +1439,7 @@ TEST_F(ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest, ExpectNonFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
       AddFailureInOtherThread(NONFATAL_FAILURE), "Expected non-fatal failure.");
 }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // Tests the TestProperty class.